The Arikara (Rees) Indians went on the warpath when white fur hunters began encroaching on their lands along the upper Missouri River in the Dakotas. A bloody Arikara attack (1823) on trapper led to the first US Army punitive expedition against an American Plains Indian tribe. Troops under Colonel Henry H. Leavenworth (1783-1834) inflicted damages on Arikara villages, opening up areas for the whites; moving northward, the Arikara eventually settled on fort Berthold reservation, North Dakota, in the 1860s.